These results suggest that mechanical ventilation with high V T induces lung injury with inflammatory characteristics. Serum TNF-a concentrations reached a higher level in group 3, but without statistical significance. Total cell and neutrophil counts were higher in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05), as were baseline TNF-a concentrations. After 4 h of ventilation, group 3, compared to groups 1 and 2, had lower PaO 2, higher wet lung weight, and higher wet lung weight/dry lung weight ratio. The animals were ventilated with fraction of inspired oxygen of 1 and positive end-expiratory pressure of 2 cmH 2O. Anesthetized male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: group 1 (N = 12): V T = 7 ml/kg, respiratory rate (RR) = 50 breaths/min group 2 (N = 10): V T = 21 ml/kg, RR = 16 breaths/min group 3 (N = 11): V T = 42 ml/kg, RR = 8 breaths/min. We examined the hypothesis that this procedure induces lung injury with inflammatory features. Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes (V T) has been shown to induce lung injury. Lung injury Mechanical ventilation Inflammation TNF-alpha This ventilatory strategy can affect the release of TNF-alpha in the lungs and can reach the systemic circulation, a finding that may have relevance for the development of a systemic inflammatory response. Serum TNF-alpha concentrations reached a higher level in group 3, but without statistical significance. Total cell and neutrophil counts were higher in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05), as were baseline TNF-alpha concentrations. After 4 h of ventilation, group 3, compared to groups 1 and 2, had lower PaO2, higher wet lung weight, and higher wet lung weight/dry lung weight ratio. The animals were ventilated with fraction of inspired oxygen of 1 and positive end-expiratory pressure of 2 cmH2O.
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